Diflucan scientific update |
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J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2007;27(2):209-12.
Chen S, Li S, Liu Z, Wu Y, Tu Y, Li J.
Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
Comparison of the effects of three different anti-fungus drugs on Candida albicans of murine vaginal mucosa.
To compare the therapeutic effects of three different anti-fungal drugs (i.e., terbinafine, fluconazole and intraconazole) in the treatment of experimental
vaginitis caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans) in mice, the fungal vaginitis model was established in female ICR mice by intravaginal inoculation of
suspension of C. albicans after the animal had been pretreated with estradiol. Mice were divided at random into different groups and then respectively
treated with terbinafine, fluconazole and intraconazole given by gastrogavage. The burden of the fungus in the vaginal lavage fluids in the mice of the
different groups was measured dynamically at different time points after the beginning of the drug treatment. The fungal burdens in the vaginal lavage fluids
taken at different time points from the mice treated with terbinafine were significantly higher than those taken at corresponding time points from mice
treated with fluconazole or itraconazole (P<0.01). The fungal burdens in the vaginal lavage fluids taken from mice 1 week after the beginning of the
treatment with terbinafine remained at a relatively high level. A dramatic drop in the fungal burden was noted in the vaginal lavage fluids taken on the 2nd
day of the treatment from mice treated with itraconazole or fluconazole group and the fungal burden on the 3rd day of the treatment in these mice were at a
very low level, suggesting that fluconazole or itraconazole were highly effective for the treatment. However, the difference in the therapeutic effect
between the two drugs was not significant (P>0.05). Itraconazole or fluconazole, but not terbinafine, is very effective for the treatment of fungal vaginitis
caused by C. albicans in mice.
Med Mycol. 2007 May;45(3):221-4.
Gonzalez GM, Robledo E, Saldivar D, Gonzalez G, Bosques F, Garza E.
Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. Mexico.
Therapeutic efficacy of posaconazole against isolates of Candida albicans with different susceptibilities to fluconazole in a vaginal model.
A battery of 34 vaginal isolates of Candida albicans was tested against posaconazole (POS) and fluconazole (FLU) to determine their in vitro susceptibilities
and to obtain FLU-susceptible and FLU-resistant strains for the murine in vivo studies. FLU-resistant strains were chosen on the basis of their 48-h MICs.
The 48-h geometric mean MICs for all isolates tested were 0.016 and 0.656 microg/ml for POS and FLU, respectively. The treatment regimens for the vaginal
murine infection model were POS or FLU at 10 or 20 mg/kg of body weight/day and 20 mg/kg twice a day. All regimens with POS were effective in reducing fungal
burden of both the fluconazole-susceptible and resistant isolates of C. albicans. All FLU regimens were effective against infection induced by the
fluconazole-susceptible strain. While FLU at 10 mg/kg was ineffective against fungal burden of the resistant strain, treatment with FLU at 20 mg/kg once or
twice a day was effective against this strain. Both POS and FLU at 20 mg/kg twice a day were able to clear C. albicans from vaginas of mice infected with the
fluconazole-susceptible strain. POS displayed a more effective in vivo activity than FLU in the treatment of murine C. albicans vaginitis produced by
isolates with different susceptibilities to FLU.
Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi. 2007;48(2):97-100.
Yaguchi T, Takizawa K, Taguchi H, Tanaka R, Kubota T, Kubota Y, Kubota M, Fukushima K.
Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University.
[Antifungal Activity of the Novel Adduct, GX-95, of Silver with Nanometer-scale Particles to Peptidic Hydrolysates from Collagen.][Article in Japanese]
Silver has long been known to have an antimicrobial activity against bacteria and other microorganisms, and has been used as eating utensils, as dental
fillings and so on. We developed a novel adduct, GX-95, of silver with nanometer-scale particles to peptidic hydrolysates from collagen. Antifungal activity
of the adduct against pathogenic yeasts and filamentous fungi was examined in terms of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). GX-95 was found to possess
strong and broad antifungal activities against all fungi examined in the following MICs: 0.25 to 0.31 micro g/ml for Candida albicans including resistant
strains to fluconazole, itraconazole and flucytosine, 0.05 to 0.2 micro g/ml for Cryptococcus neoformans strains, 0.025 to 0.4 micro g/ml for Aspergillus
fumigatus strains, 0.4 micro g/ml for Trichophyton rubrum, and 0.05 micro g/ml for Cladophialophora carrionii.
Intensive Care Med. 2007 May 15;
Filioti J, Spiroglou K, Roilides E.
3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Invasive candidiasis in pediatric intensive care patients: epidemiology, risk factors, management, and outcome.
BACKGROUND: The incidence of candidemia in pediatric patients follows the same pattern of increase as in adults, but the rate of increase is greater.
Pediatric patients in critical condition, particularly young infants, are especially vulnerable to invasive Candida infections (ICI), partly because of their
age and severe underlying disease and partly because of the invasive procedures used. DISCUSSION: Central venous catheters and arterial lines, parenteral
nutrition, mechanical ventilation and extended use of antimicrobials enhance the risk of ICI. C. albicans continues to be the most prevalent isolate.
However, an increasing role of non-C. albicans (NAC) spp., some of which are intrinsically or potentially resistant to antifungal agents, has been observed.
NAC spp., particularly C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis, account for almost half of ICI. The increased use of antifungals in immunocompromised patients,
mainly prophylactically, is considered the strongest contributory factor to the changes in species distribution, which have subsequently affected the
mortality and choice of empirical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Prompt removal of lines and initiation of antifungal treatment are the milestones of management.
Conventional amphotericin B remains a commonly used antifungal agent, but its lipid formulations and fluconazole are also used frequently. Novel antifungal
agents such as second-generation triazoles and echinocandins exhibit potential as alternative agents in critically ill children with ICI. Although response
rates are still far from satisfactory, improved understanding of risk factors, preventive strategies and new treatment options promise a better future
outcome.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Sep 29;
Marine M, Serena C, Pastor FJ, Guarro J.
Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenc 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.
Combined antifungal therapy in a murine infection by Candida glabrata.
OBJECTIVES: To develop proper treatments for patients who do not respond to current antifungal treatments, we tested new combinations of antifungal drugs for treating disseminated infections by Candida glabrata in a murine model. METHODS: Mice were rendered neutropenic by intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide and intravenous 5-fluorouracil administration. The animals were infected intravenously with 2 x 10(8) cfu of C. glabrata. The efficacies of micafungin combined with amphotericin B, fluconazole or flucytosine, and of amphotericin B combined with fluconazole were evaluated by survival and tissue burden reduction. Results and CONCLUSIONS: Micafungin plus amphotericin B was the most effective combination at reducing tissue burden. Micafungin at 10 mg/kg combined with amphotericin B at 0.75, 1.5 or 3 mg/kg prolonged survival with respect to the monotherapies, but only the second combination showed a synergistic effect in reducing fungal load in spleen and kidney. Amphotericin B at 1.5 mg/kg combined with micafungin at 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg reduced tissue burden with respect to the monotherapies, but the effects of the three combinations were very similar. These results suggest that amphotericin B in combination with micafungin is promising for the treatment of disseminated C. glabrata infections.
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Drug category:Antifungals
 Diflucan scientific update
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