Iodide (KJ) scientific update |
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Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 May 7
Ren FL, Guo X, Zhang RJ, Wang SJ, Zuo H, Zhang ZT, Geng D, Yu Y, Su M.
Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shannxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
Effects of selenium and iodine deficiency on bone, cartilage growth plate and chondrocyte differentiation in two generations of rats.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the roles of combined selenium and iodine deficiency in bone development as a possible
experimental model of Kashin-Beck osteoarthropathy. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats (n=48) were randomly divided into selenium deficiency (-Se+I), iodine
deficiency (+Se-I), combined selenium and iodine deficiency (-Se-I), and selenium and iodine sufficient (+Se+I) groups. Growth of bone and cartilage, and the
expression of type X collagen (ColX) and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) were measured in two generations of rats (F(0) and F(1)). RESULTS: The
tibial length in -Se-I rats was significantly shorter in F(1) generation. In +Se-I of F(1) rats, the thickness of the growth plate cartilage, and the
proliferative zone was smaller, while in -Se-I rats the growth plate, and the proliferative and hypertrophic zones were also thinner in F(1) generation. In
articular cartilage, ColX expression was increased in the deep zone in -Se-I rats of F(0) generation, and in -Se+I, +Se-I and -Se-I rats of F(1) generation.
PTHrP expression was increased in the middle zone of -Se+I, +Se-I and -Se-I rats of both F(0) and F(1) generations. In the growth plate cartilage, ColX and
PTHrP were expressed in the hypertrophic zone. ColX expression was significantly weaker in -Se+I and -Se-I rats in both F(0) and F(1) generations, while
PTHrP expression was stronger in -Se+I, +Se-I and -Se-I rats in both F(0) and F(1) animals. CONCLUSIONS: Combined selenium and iodine deficiency impaired the
growth of bone and cartilage. The changes in the expression of ColX and PTHrP induced by combined selenium and iodine deficiency were compatible to
measurements of ColX and PTHrP in Kashin-Beck osteoarthropathy.
Eur J Nutr. 2007 May 11;
Golkowski F, Szybinski Z, Rachtan J, Sokolowski A, Buziak-Bereza M, Trofimiuk M, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Przybylik-Mazurek E, Huszno B.
Dept. of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, Kopernika 17, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
Iodine prophylaxis-the protective factor against stomach cancer in iodine deficient areas.
BACKGROUND: Poland has one of the highest death rates for stomach cancer in Europe. Moderate iodine deficiency and in consequence high goitre prevalence led
to the implementation in 1996 of a very efficient mandatory model of iodine prophylaxis, based on household salt iodisation (30 +/- 10mg KI/1 kg of salt).
AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was evaluation of incidence rate of stomach cancer and its possible relation to increased iodine consumption in the
years 1992-2004. METHODS: Iodine supply and effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis were evaluated on the basis of comparative analysis of goitre prevalence and
ioduria in schoolchildren. To allow comparison between time periods with varying population age structures, the incidence rates of stomach cancer were
standardized for age, using the "world standard population". The direct standardization method has been applied. For each sex, the time-trend of incidence
rates was shown in graphs over the years 1991-2004. RESULTS: Evident increase in iodine consumption in this period of time was proved by rise in percentage
of schoolchildren (6-8 years old) with ioduria above 100 microg/l from 11.4% in 1992-1993 to 52.9.1% in 2003. It was correlated with the decrease in goitre
prevalence from 18.8% to 3.2% respectively. The 24-h thyroid uptake of (131)I in investigated population fell from 45.5% in 1986 to 26.8% in 1998. In Krakow
the standardized incidence ratio of stomach cancer for men decreased from 19.1 per 100,000 to 15.7 per 100,000, and for women from 8.3 per 100,000 to 5.9 per
100,000 in the years 1992-2004. A significant decline of average rate of decrease was observed in men and women (2.3% and 4.0% per year respectively).
CONCLUSION: Observed association between improved iodine supply and decrease of incidence of stomach cancer could indicate the protective role against
stomach cancer of iodine prophylaxis in iodine deficient areas-further studies are necessary.
Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol. 2006 Jul-Aug;42(4):418-27.
Baatout S, De Boever P, Mergeay M.
Laboratory of Microbiology and Radiobiology SCK*CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, B-2400
Physiological changes induced in four bacterial strains following oxidative stress.
In order to study the behaviour and resistance of bacteria under extreme conditions,
physiological changes associated with oxidative stress were monitored using flow cytometry.
The study was conducted to assess the maintenance of membrane integrity and potential as well
as the esterase activity, the intracellular pH and the production of superoxide anions in four
bacterial strains (Ralstonia metallidurans, Escherichia coli, Shewanella oneidensis and
Deinococcus radiodurans). The strains were chosen for their potential usefulness in
bioremediation. Suspensions of R. metallidurans, E. coli, S. oneidensis and D. radiodurans
were submitted to 1 h oxidative stress (H2O2 at various concentrations from 0 to 880 mM). Cell
membrane permeability (propidium iodide) and potential (rhodamine-123,
3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide), intracellular esterase activity (fluorescein diacetate),
intracellular reactive oxygen species concentration (hydroethidine) and intracellular pH
(carboxyflurorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (5(6)) were monitored to evaluate the
physiological state and the overall fitness of individual bacterial cells under oxidative
stress. The four bacterial strains exhibited varying sensitivities towards H2O2. However, for
all bacterial strains, some physiological damage could already be observed from 13.25 mM H2O2
onwards, in particular with regard to their membrane permeability. Depending on the bacterial
strains, moderate to high physiological damage could be observed between 13.25 mM and 220 mM
H2O2. Membrane potential, esterase activity, intracellular pH and production of superoxide
anion production were considerably modified at high H2O2 concentrations in all four strains.
In conclusion, we show that a range of significant physiological alterations occurs when
bacteria are challenged with H2O2 and fluorescent staining methods coupled with flow cytometry
are useful for monitoring the changes induced not only by oxidative stress but also by other
stresses like temperature, radiation, pressure, pH, etc....
Med Pediatr Oncol. 2002 Jan;38(1):41-6.
Brans B, Monsieurs M, Laureys G, Kaufman JM, Thierens H, Dierckx RA.
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.
Thyroidal uptake and radiation dose after repetitive I-131-MIBG treatments: influence of potassium iodide for thyroid blocking.
BACKGROUND: In I-131-MIBG therapy, I-131-iodide can be released from the I-131-MIBG molecule. Hypothyroidism might result from the undesirable irradiation of the thyroid gland. To prevent this, stable iodide such as potassium iodide (KI) is given to oversaturate the thyroid before I-131-MIBG is administered. PROCEDURE: In the present study, the incidence of hypothyroidism (elevated TSH) was correlated with the thyroidal uptake of I-131 and dose (MIRD dosimetry) after 35 individual treatments in ten patients. Iodine-131-MIBG therapy was performed using a modified dosage of 1.9-11.1 GBq (50-300 mCi) IV. Premedication with KI was done as recommended with a dose of 100 mg KI orally from 2 days before until 4 weeks after I-131-MIBG. RESULTS: The absorbed thyroidal dose amounted to a very variable range of 0.2 (patient # 1) up to 30.0 (patient 3) Gy with 7.1 +/- 7.9 Gy per treatment and 24.1+/- 19.2 Gy per patient (mean+/- SD), despite the same and compliantly taken KI premedication protocol. Up to now, 4/10 or 40% of patients have developed hypothyroidism after a mean follow-up period of 11 months and a mean total administered dose of 18.7 GBq (505 mCi). A trend towards higher thyroidal doses was seen in the hypothyroid patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study observes a general high inter- and intra-individual variability in radio-iodide uptake in the thyroid after I-131-MIBG therapy despite KI premedication, as well as possible occurrence of hypothyroidism. A dose-response relationship needs confirmation on a larger cohort of patients to reach statistical value. An alternative thyroid cytoprotection strategy for possible long-term survivors may be considered.
Acta Oncol. 1994;33(2):139-57.
Michalowski AS.
MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
On radiation damage to normal tissues and its treatment. II. Anti-inflammatory drugs.
In addition to transiently inhibiting cell cycle progression and sterilizing those cells capable of proliferation, irradiation disturbs the homeostasis effected by endogenous mediators of intercellular communication (humoral component of tissue response to radiation). Changes in the mediator levels may modulate radiation effects either by assisting a return to normality (e.g., through a rise in H-type cell lineage-specific growth factors) or by aggravating the damage. The latter mode is illustrated with reports on changes in eicosanoid levels after irradiation and on results of empirical treatment of radiation injuries with anti-inflammatory drugs. Prodromal, acute and chronic effects of radiation are accompanied by excessive production of eicosanoids (prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxanes and leukotrienes). These endogenous mediators of inflammatory reactions may be responsible for the vasodilatation, vasoconstriction, increased microvascular permeability, thrombosis and chemotaxis observed after radiation exposure. Glucocorticoids inhibit eicosanoid synthesis primarily by interfering with phospholipase A2 whilst non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prevent prostaglandin/thromboxane synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase. When administered after irradiation on empirical grounds, drugs belonging to both groups tend to attenuate a range of prodromal, acute and chronic effects of radiation in man and animals. Taken together, these two sets of observations are highly suggestive of a contribution of humoral factors to the adverse responses of normal tissues and organs to radiation. A full account of radiation damage should therefore consist of complementary descriptions of cellular and humoral events. Further studies on anti-inflammatory drug treatment of radiation damage to normal organs are justified and desirable.
Toxicology. 2003 Jul 15;189(1-2):1-20.
Weiss JF, Landauer MR.
Office of Health Studies, US Department of Energy, EH-6/270 Corporate Square, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20585-0270, USA.
Protection against ionizing radiation by antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals.
The potential of antioxidants to reduce the cellular damage induced by ionizing radiation has been studied in animal models for more than 50 years. The application of antioxidant radioprotectors to various human exposure situations has not been extensive although it is generally accepted that endogenous antioxidants, such as cellular non-protein thiols and antioxidant enzymes, provide some degree of protection. This review focuses on the radioprotective efficacy of naturally occurring antioxidants, specifically antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals, and how they might influence various endpoints of radiation damage. Results from animal experiments indicate that antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin E and selenium compounds, are protective against lethality and other radiation effects but to a lesser degree than most synthetic protectors. Some antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals have the advantage of low toxicity although they are generally protective when administered at pharmacological doses. Naturally occurring antioxidants also may provide an extended window of protection against low-dose, low-dose-rate irradiation, including therapeutic potential when administered after irradiation. A number of phytochemicals, including caffeine, genistein, and melatonin, have multiple physiological effects, as well as antioxidant activity, which result in radioprotection in vivo. Many antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals have antimutagenic properties, and their modulation of long-term radiation effects, such as cancer, needs further examination. In addition, further studies are required to determine the potential value of specific antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals during radiotherapy for cancer.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Mar;81(3):656-63.
Andersen S, Hvingel B, Kleinschmidt K, Jorgensen T, Laurberg P.
Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark and Surgery, Queen Ingrids Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland.
Changes in iodine excretion in 50-69-y-old denizens of an Arctic society in transition and iodine excretion as a biomarker of the frequency of consumption of traditional Inuit foods.
BACKGROUND: Iodine intake in Greenland has been hypothesized to exceed 10 times the recommended amount. The transition from a traditional Arctic society may change the iodine intake, but no field studies have been performed. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to ascertain iodine intakes, factors affecting iodine intake in circumpolar populations, and the usefulness of urinary iodine excretion as a biomarker for validation of Inuit food-frequency questionnaires. DESIGN: Data were collected in a cohort study of 4 Greenland population groups: Inuit living in the capital city, the major town, and settlements in East Greenland and non-Inuit. Supplement use and lifestyle factors were evaluated with questionnaires, and dietary habits were ascertained with a food-frequency questionnaire. Iodine was measured in spot urine samples. RESULTS: One percent of the population of Greenland was invited, and the participation rate was 95%. Less than 5% of Inuit but 55% of non-Inuit had urinary iodine excretion < 50 mug/24 h. Median urinary iodine excretion declined with the degree of decrease in the traditional lifestyle: it was 198, 195, 147, and 58 mug/24 h among Inuit in settlements, town, and city and in non-Inuit, respectively (P < 0.001). Participants were divided into diet groups calculated from Inuit food frequency. Iodine excretion decreased with increasing intake of imported foods (P < 0.001). In regression models, type of diet and the subject's lifestyle, sex, weight, ethnicity, and intake of iodine-containing supplements affected urinary iodine excretion. CONCLUSIONS: Circumpolar non-Inuit are at risk of iodine deficiency. Departure from the traditional Inuit diet lowers iodine intake, which should be monitored in Arctic societies. Urinary iodine excretion may be a useful biomarker of traditional Inuit food frequency.
Iodide (KJ) description...
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Drug category:Radiation protectors
 Iodide (KJ) scientific update
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