Iodide (KJ) scientific update |
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Oncol Rep. 2010 Aug;24(2):329-333.
Matsui TA, Murata H, Sowa Y, Sakabe T, Koto K, Horie N, Tsuji Y, Sakai T, Kubo T.
Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
A novel MEK1/2 inhibitor induces G1/S cell cycle arrest in human fibrosarcoma cells.
Blockade of the ERK pathway has antitumor effects against malignant tumor cells. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of JTP-70902, a novel specific MEK inhibitor, against human fibrosarcoma cells in which the ERK pathway is constitutively activated. JTP-70902 was synthesized at Japan Tabacco. Human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells were cultured. JTP-70902 was added at various concentrations. The number of viable cells was counted employing a trypan blue dye exclusion test. Unsynchronized cells were exposed to JTP-70902 for 24 h. The nuclei were stained with propidium iodide. The DNA content was measured using a FACSCalibur flow cytometer. Protein extraction and Western blot analysis were performed. (1) A dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth was observed at concentrations of 10 nM or more. Forty-eight hours after the treatment, the growth of HT1080 cells was completely inhibited by 200 nM JTP-70902. (2) FACS analysis revealed that a 24-h exposure to JTP-70902 increased the population of G1/S phase cells in a dose-dependent manner. (3) The phosphorylation of ERK was inhibited by JTP-70902. Furthermore, after the treatment with JTP-70902, p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1 protein expression increased and the phosphorylation of RB was redued. Our results showed that JTP-70902 inhibits cell growth and induces cell cycle arrest in human Ras mutant fibrosarcoma cells. These results indicate that JTP-70902 might be an attractive compound for molecular-targeting chemotherapy for malignant soft tissue tumors with the activation of the Ras-MEK-ERK pathway.
Med Eng Phys. 2010 Jun 29. [Epub ahead of print]
Kulmala KA, Korhonen RK, Julkunen P, Jurvelin JS, Quinn TM, Kröger H, Töyräs J.
Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Diffusion coefficients of articular cartilage for different CT and MRI contrast agents.
In contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), the equilibrium distribution of anionic contrast agent is expected to reflect the fixed charged density (FCD) of articular cartilage. Diffusion is mainly responsible for the transport of contrast agents into cartilage. In osteoarthritis, cartilage composition changes at early stages of disease, and solute diffusion is most likely affected. Thus, investigation of contrast agent diffusion could enable new methods for imaging of cartilage composition. The aim of this study was to determine the diffusion coefficient of four contrast agents (ioxaglate, gadopentetate, iodide, gadodiamide) in bovine articular cartilage. The contrast agents were different in molecular size and charge. In peripheral quantitative CT experiments, penetration of contrast agent into the tissue was allowed either through the articular surface or through deep cartilage. To determine diffusion coefficients, a finite element model based on Fick's law was fitted to experimental data. Diffusion through articular surface was faster than through deep cartilage with every contrast agent. Iodide, being of atomic size, diffused into the cartilage significantly faster (q<0.05) than the other three contrast agents, for either transport direction. The diffusion coefficients of all clinical contrast agents (ioxaglate, gadopentetate and gadodiamide) were relatively low (142.8-253.7mum(2)/s). In clinical diagnostics, such slow diffusion may not reach equilibrium and this jeopardizes the determination of FCD by standard methods. However, differences between diffusion through articular surface and deep cartilage, that are characterized by different tissue composition, suggest that diffusion coefficients may correlate with cartilage composition. Present method could therefore enable image-based assessment of cartilage composition by determination of diffusion coefficients within cartilage tissue.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Jul;25(7):1266-1275.
Zhou XX, Ji F, Zhao JL, Cheng LF, Xu CF.
Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Anti-cancer activity of anti-p185(HER-2) ricin A chain immunotoxin on gastric cancer cells.
Abstract Background and Aim: Overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) protein has been detected in gastric cancer and has been associated with an unfavorable prognosis. We investigated the anti-cancer effects of anti-p185(HER-2) ricin A chain (RTA) immunotoxin, alone or in combination with 5-flurouracil on SGC7901-HER-2+ cells. Methods: SGC7901-HER-2+ cells were obtained by transfecting SGC7901 cells with HER-2-pcDNA3.1. Anti-p185(HER-2)-RTA was prepared by chemical conjugation of anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and RTA. The SGC7901-HER-2+ cells were incubated with RTA, anti-p185(HER-2)-RTA, and/or 5-flurouracil. The effects of drugs on cells were evaluated by MTT assay and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide double staining flow cytometry. The expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear factor-kappaB/p65 were assayed by western blot. SGC7901-HER-2+ cells were transplanted into BALB/c nude mice to produce solid tumors in an attempt to study the immunotoxin activity in vivo. Results: In vitro, anti-p185(HER-2)-RTA inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in SGC7901-HER-2+ cells. Anti-p185(HER-2)-RTA enhanced caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, while downregulating the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor-kappaB/p65. Its combination with 5-flurouracil further inhibited the growth of SGC7901-HER-2+ cells. In vivo, our data showed that anti-p185(HER-2)-RTA significantly inhibited the growth of SGC7901-HER-2+ cells-transplanted tumors. Conclusions: Anti-p185(HER-2)-RTA inhibits the growth of SGC7901-HER-2+ cells. The effect may be related to the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor-kappaB/p65. Anti-p185(HER-2)-RTA plus 5-FU enhance anti-cancer activity, suggesting useful clues for further study for the treatment of HER-2 positive gastric cancers.
Am J Vet Res. 2010 Jul;71(7):799-808.
McMahon MB, Bear MD, Kulp SK, Pennell ML, London CA.
Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
Biological activity of gemcitabine against canine osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro.
Objective-To evaluate in vitro biological activity of gemcitabine, alone and in combination with Pamidronate or carboplatin, against canine osteosarcoma (OSA) cell lines. Sample Population-In vitro cultures of OSA cell lines OSA8, OSA16, OSA32, and OSA36. Procedures-Cell lines were treated with gemcitabine alone or in combination with pamidronate or carboplatin. Cell viability was assessed with the water soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) assay, cell cycle distribution was evaluated by means of propidium iodide staining, and apoptosis was assessed by measuring caspase-3/7 activity. Synergy was quantified by use of combination index (CI) analysis. Results-For all of the cell lines, treatment with gemcitabine induced growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. No synergistic or additive activity was identified when OSA cell lines were treated with gemcitabine in combination with pamidronate. However, when OSA cell lines were treated with gemcitabine in combination with carboplatin, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed, compared with treatment with carboplatin alone, and the drug combination was determined to be synergistic on the basis of results of CI analysis. For 3 of the 4 cell lines, this activity was greater when cells were treated with carboplatin prior to gemcitabine rather than with gemcitabine prior to carboplatin. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Gemcitabine exhibited biological activity against canine OSA cell lines in vitro, and a combination of gemcitabine and carboplatin exhibited synergistic activity at biologically relevant concentrations. Findings support future clinical trials of gemcitabine alone or in combination with carboplatin for the treatment of dogs with OSA.
J Org Chem. 2009 Aug 21;74(16):6283-6.
Wei JF, Jiao J, Feng JJ, Lv J, Zhang XR, Shi XY, Chen ZG.
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China.
PdEDTA held in an ionic liquid brush as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for Suzuki reactions in water.
An efficient and reusable catalyst with PdEDTA immobilized in an ionic liquid brush and a green procedure have been developed for coupling aryl iodides and bromides with phenylboronic acid. These reactions were conducted in water under aerobic conditions with water-insoluble or even solid aryl halides. The protocol has the advantages of excellent yields, environmental friendliness, and catalyst recyclability. There was no apparent loss of catalyst efficiency until the 10th cycle.
Langmuir. 2009 Dec 15;25(24):13820-32.
Jayaraj N, Porel M, Ottaviani MF, Maddipatla MV, Modelli A, Da Silva JP, Bhogala BR, Captain B, Jockusch S, Turro NJ, Ramamurthy V.
Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, USA.
Self aggregation of supramolecules of nitroxides@cucurbit[8]uril revealed by EPR spectra.
Supramolecular complexation behavior of cucurbiturils with paramagnetic nitroxide spin probes was examined by (1)H NMR, X-ray diffraction studies of crystals, computation, and EPR. Both cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB8) form a 1:1 complex with 4-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxy bromide (CAT1). The structure of the complex in the solid state was inferred by X-ray diffraction studies and in the gas phase by computation (B3LYP/6-31G(d)). Whereas ESI-MS data provided evidence for the existence of the complex in solution, indirect evidence was obtained through (1)H NMR studies with a structural diamagnetic analogue, 4-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-N-methylpiperidine iodide (DCAT1). The EPR spectrum of the CAT1@CB7 complex consisting of three lines suggested that probe CAT1 is associated with host CB7 such that the nitroxide part is exposed to water. The spectral pattern was independent of the concentration of the complex and the presence of salt such as NaCl. The most interesting observation was made with CB8 as the host. In this case, in addition to the expected three-line spectrum, an additional spectrum consisting of seven lines was recorded. The contribution of the seven-line spectrum to the total spectrum was dependent on the concentration of the complex and added salt (NaCl) to the aqueous solution. The coupling constant for the seven-line spectrum for (14)N-substituted CAT1 is 5 G, and that for the four-line spectrum for (15)N-substituted CAT1 is 7.15 G. The only manner by which we could reproduce the observed spectra by simulation for both (14)N- and (15)N-substituted CAT1@CB8 was by assuming a spin exchange among three nitroxide radicals. To account for this observation, we hypothesize that three CAT1 molecules included within CB8 interact in such a way that there is an association of three supramolecules of CAT1@CB8 (i.e., [CAT1@CB8](3)) in a triangular geometry that leads to spin exchange between the three radical centers. We have established, with the help of 13 additional examples, that this is a general phenomenon. We are in the process of understanding this unusual phenomenon.
J Conserv Dent. 2009 Jul;12(3):109-13.
Sharma V, Nainan MT, Shivanna V.
Departments of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
The effect of cavity disinfectants on the sealing ability of dentin bonding system: An in vitro study.
AIM: This study was conducted to determine the effect of three cavity disinfectants (chlorhexidine gluconate based-Consepsis; benzalkonium chloride-based Tubulicid Red, iodine-potassium iodide/copper-sulphate based Ora-5) on the microleakage of a dentin bonding system, Clearfil SE Bond. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Class V cavities were prepared on 45 extracted molars. The respective experimentalgroups were treated with cavity disinfectants and Clearfil SE Bond. Preparations without cavity disinfectants served as negative control and those with neither disinfectant nor dentin bonding resin application served as positive controls. After the cavity preparations were restored with resin composite (Clearfil APX), the specimens were subjected to dye penetration. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis) test. RESULTS: Unlike Conspesis and Tubulicid Red, Ora-5 exhibited significantly higher microleakage and adversely affected the sealing ability of Clearfil SE bond. Only Consepsis and Tubulicid Red could be used as cavity disinfectants with Clearfil SE bond, without its sealing abilities being adversely affected. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Consepsis and Tubulicid Red can be used as cavity disinfectants with Clearfil SE Bond, without the sealing ability of Clearfil SE bond being affected. 2) Ora-5 is not an appropriate disinfectant to be used with this dentin bonding system, because it alters its sealing ability.
Inorg Chem. 2009 Jul 20;48(14):6755-62.
Robertson SD, Chivers T, Tuononen HM.
Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 1N4 Alberta, Canada.
Experimental and theoretical investigations of the contact ion pairs formed by reactions of the anions [(EPR2)2N]- (R = (i)Pr, (t)Bu; E = S, Se) with the cations [(TePR2)2N]+ (R = (i)Pr, (t)Bu).
Reactions of the sodium salts [(EPR(2))(2)N]Na(TMEDA) (R = (i)Pr, (t)Bu; E = S, Se) with the iodide salts [(TePR(2))(2)N]I (R = (i)Pr, (t)Bu) in toluene produce the mixed-chalcogen systems [(EPR(2))(2)N][(TePR(2))(2)N] (6b, E = Se, R = (t)Bu; 6c, E = S, R = (t)Bu; 7b, E = Se, R = (i)Pr; 7c, E = S, R = (i)Pr). Compounds 6b, 6c, 7b, and 7c have been characterized in solution by variable-temperature multinuclear ((31)P, (77)Se, and (125)Te) NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The structures are comprised of contact ion pairs linked by bonds between Te and S or Se atoms. For the tert-butyl derivatives 6b and 6c, the anionic half of the molecule is coordinated in a bidentate (E,E') fashion to one Te atom of the cationic half to give a spirocycle, whereas in the isopropyl derivatives 7b and 7c, the anion acts as a monodentate ligand with only one E-Te bond and the second S or Se atom pointing away from the cation. A comparison of the chalcogen-chalcogen bond orders in 6b, 6c, and the all-tellurium system 6a (E = Te), as determined from the experimental bond lengths, shows that the Te-Te bond order in the cations decreases as the strength of the E-Te interaction increases. This trend is attributed to increased electron donation from the anion into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital [sigma*(Te-Te)] of the cation along the series S < Se < Te. A similar trend is observed for the monodentate contact ion pairs 7b and 7c. Density functional theory calculations provided information about the relative energies of bidentate and monodentate contact ion pair structures and the extent of intramolecular electron transfer in these systems.
Nanotechnology. 2008 Dec 17;19(50):505503. Epub 2008 Nov 24.
Zhong H, Zhao Y, Li Y, Pei Q.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1595, USA.
Photoluminescence quenching of conjugated polymer nanocomposites for gamma ray detection.
The high atomic number of bismuth iodide and the high-sensitivity photoluminescence quenching of conjugated polymers are leveraged in their nanocomposites for the detection of high-energy photons. With the introduction of oleylamine, the composites can be processed from solutions in organic solvent into high-quality films containing as much as 50 wt% BiI(3). BiI(3) in the resulting ternary composites is dispersed on a nanoscale or smaller, allowing the formation of transparent composites. Oleylamine was found to form an interfacial layer between the polymer matrix and BiI(3) nanodomains to block charge transfer between BiI(3) and the polymer. Upon gamma ray exposure, the luminescent intensity of the ternary composites decreased linearly with the radiation dosage.
Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Jun;1(2):80-5. Epub 2008 Jun 20.
Lim HW, Choi SH, Kang HH, Ahn JH, Chung JW.
Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Apoptotic Pattern of Cochlear Outer Hair Cells and Frequency-specific Hearing Threshold Shift in Noise-exposed BALB/c Mice.
OBJECTIVES: Apoptosis of outer hair cell (OHC) can be identified through nuclear staining by specific nuclear changes. The change of filamentous actin (F-actin) is also involved in early cell death process. The study was designed to investigate OHC death along the whole length of the organ of Corti. METHODS: BALB/c hybrid mice were used in this study. The noise group was exposed to white noise of 120 dB SPL for 3 hr per day for 3 consecutive days. The tone burst auditory brainstem response (ABR) test was conducted and cochleas from each group were obtained for the immunostaining of FITC phalloidin for F-actin and propidium iodide (PI) for nuclei. RESULTS: ABR threshold of the noise group significantly increased after noise exposure (P<0.001). No threshold shift was found in the control group. Threshold shift of the noise group constantly increased from 4 to 16 kHz, but threshold shifts at 16 kHz and 32 kHz were similar. Patterns of OHC staining were subclassified as FITC+PI- cells, FITC+ PI+ cells, FITC-PI+ cells and missing cells. Proportion of normal live OHCs (FITC+PI-) rapidly decreased from the apex to the base. In the basal turn, FITC-PI+ cells and vacancy OHC (missing cells) were observed easily. Apoptotic and missing cells were most abundant at 60% of the whole length of the Corti organ. CONCLUSION: We could subclassify morphologic changes in OHC death after noise exposure. Quantitative changes in OHCs along the whole Corti organ showed a plateau pattern similar to that of a frequency-specific threshold shift.
J Phys Chem B. 2008 Dec 11;112(49):15718-24.
Chandrasekhar N, Schalk O, Unterreiner AN.
Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Physikalische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Femtosecond UV excitation in imidazolium-based ionic liquids.
Femtosecond pump-probe absorption spectroscopy was employed to investigate ultrafast dynamics in various room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) based on imidazolium cations, i.e., 1,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide ([DMIM]I), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ([BMIM]I), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ([HMIM]I), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([HMIM]Cl), and 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride ([MOIM]Cl). Immediately after photoexcitation, an induced absorption was observed at various probe wavelengths (555-1556 nm). Afterward, the decay of the induced absorption was found to be independent of the alkyl chain length and viscosity of the ionic liquids. Two alternative mechanisms were proposed to explain the dynamics. In a first scenario excess electrons are generated through one-photon photodetachment of halides analogous to aqueous halide photodetachment. The dynamics in this case were analyzed with the help of a competing kinetic model proposed for geminate recombination in aqueous chloride photodetachment. Alternatively, imidazolium cations may be subject to photoionization. The transient NIR absorption can then be assigned to imidazolium dimer radical cations and/or excess electrons which may be formed upon association of imidazolium radicals with their parent cations. Both scenarios suggest that a thorough explanation of the ultrafast dynamics probably requires the implication of cooperative effects in the ionic liquids upon photoexcitation.
J Phys Chem B. 2008 Dec 11;112(49):15604-15.
Dos A, Schimming V, Tosoni S, Limbach HH.
Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
Acid-base interactions and secondary structures of poly-L-lysine probed by 15N and 13C solid state NMR and Ab initio model calculations.
The interactions of the 15N-labeled amino groups of dry solid poly-L-lysine (PLL) with various halogen and oxygen acids HX and the relation to the secondary structure have been studied using solid-state 15N and 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy (CP = cross polarization and MAS = magic angle spinning). For comparison, 15N NMR spectra of an aqueous solution of PLL were measured as a function of pH. In order to understand the effects of protonation and hydration on the 15N chemical shifts of the amino groups, DFT and chemical shielding calculations were performed on isolated methylamine-acid complexes and on periodic halide clusters of the type (CH3NH3(+)X(-))n. The combined experimental and computational results reveal low-field shifts of the amino nitrogens upon interaction with the oxygen acids HX = HF, H2SO4, CH3COOH, (CH3)2POOH, H3PO4, HNO3, and internal carbamic acid formed by reaction of the amino groups with gaseous CO2. Evidence is obtained that only hydrogen-bonded species of the type (Lys-NH2***H-X)n are formed in the absence of water. 15N chemical shifts are maximum when H is located in the hydrogen bond center and then decrease again upon full protonation, as found for aqueous solution at low pH. By contrast, halogen acids interact in a different way. They form internal salts of the type (Lys-NH3(+)X(-))n via the interaction of many acid-base pairs. This salt formation is possible only in the beta-sheet conformation. By contrast, the formation of hydrogen-bonded complexes can occur both in beta-sheet domains as well as in alpha-helical domains. The 15N chemical shifts of the protonated ammonium groups increase when the size of the interacting halogen anions is increased from chloride to iodide and when the number of the interacting anions is increased. Thus, the observed high-field 15N shift of ammonium groups upon hydration is the consequence of replacing interacting halogen atoms by oxygen atoms.
J Vis Exp. 2007;(7):270. Epub 2007 Aug 30.
Chung BG, Manbachi A, Khademhosseini A.
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
A microfluidic device with groove patterns for studying cellular behavior.
We describe a microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns for studying cellular behavior. This microfluidic platform consists of a top fluidic channel and a bottom microgrooved substrate. To fabricate the microgrooved channels, a top poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mold containing the impression of the microfluidic channels was aligned and bonded to a microgrooved substrate. Using this device, mouse fibroblast cells were immobilized and patterned within microgrooved substrates (25, 50, 75, and 100 microm wide). To study apoptosis in a microfluidic device, media containing hydrogen peroxide, Annexin V, and propidium iodide was perfused into the fluidic channel for 2 hours. We found that cells exposed to the oxidative stress became apoptotic. These apoptotic cells were confirmed by Annexin V that bound to phosphatidylserine at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane during the apoptosis process. Using this microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns, the apoptosis process was observed in real-time and analyzed by using an inverted microscope containing an incubation chamber (37 degrees C, 5% CO(2)). Therefore, this microfluidic device incorporated with microgrooved substrates could be useful for studying the cellular behavior and performing high-throughput drug screening.
Curr Protoc Cytom. 2007 Jul;Chapter 9:Unit9.24.
Edwards BS, Ivnitski-Steele I, Young SM, Salas VM, Sklar LA.
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
High-throughput cytotoxicity screening by propidium iodide staining.
This unit describes a system for the automated high-throughput analysis of cell cytotoxicity in 96-well and 384-well microplates. Discrete cell cultures are analyzed at rates of 40/min (approximately 2.5 min/96 wells, approximately 10 min/384 wells) and cytotoxicity is quantified on the basis of a combination of propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence analysis and cell counting performed by the flow cytometer. Only 2 microl is aspirated from a culture for analysis so that assays can be performed in small volumes to minimize reagent cost and usage.
Przegl Lek. 2007;64(9):549-51.
Włodarczyk J.
Oddział Chirurgii Klatki Piersiowej Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II.
[Application of Lugol solution in the gastroesophageal reflux disease] [Article in Polish]
Endoscopy examination followed by Lugol solution staining is used in the diagnostics of early squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The aim of the study was to describe usage of this method for the assessment of effectiveness in the gastroesophageal reflux disease. The method uses reaction between glycogen, present in epithelium, and iodine in Lugol solution. The study was conducted in 98 patients. Endoscopic assessment was made before application of Lugol solution, subsequently the gastroesophageal borderline and staining of mucosa membrane after application of Lugol solution was assessed. Biopsies were taken from the stained and unstained areas. The performed study showed that sensitivity of the method is 84%, specificity 79% and effectiveness 85%. The ratio of stained and unstained areas is statistically typical p=0.045. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic examination followed by Lugol solution staining are sensitive diagnostic methods in the gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is a simple and quick method which should be widely applied.
Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2007 Sep;24(2):148-52.
Isern V, Lora-Tamayo J, Capdevila O, Villabona C, Mañá J.
Internal Medicine Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain.
Sarcoidosis and autoimmune thyroid disease. A case series of ten patients.
BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis coexisting with autoimmune disorders, especially with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), has been previously described and a common immunopathogenesis has been proposed. We report a series of ten new cases of this association from a large series of patients with sarcoidosis. METHODS: The clinical records of patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis between 1984 and 2006 in the Bellvitge University Hospital were reviewed, and those who were also diagnosed as having ATD were selected. A review of the literature was performed as well. RESULTS: Ten out of 348 (2.9%) patients with sarcoidosis were identified as having ATD. Sarcoidosis presented as Löfgren's syndrome in 8 patients. Three patients developed Graves' disease, 6 Hashimoto's thyroiditis with hypothyroidism and one had postpartum thyroiditis. In one case, ATD had developed 15 years before sarcoidosis. In the remaining nine cases, sarcoidosis preceded between 4 months to 17 years the development of ATD. In 3 of these cases, sarcoidosis was active when ATD was diagnosed. In one patient, Graves' disease developed immediately after the administration of potassium iodide to treat erythema nodosum. CONCLUSIONS: Sarcoidosis may be associated with ATD at some time of its evolution, either as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Usually, ATD does not develop during the period of activity of sarcoidosis. We suggest considering personal and family past history of thyroid disease before administering potassium iodide for erythema nodosum in patients with sarcoidosis, as it could trigger hyperthyroidism, especially in patients with iodine deficiency.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 May 7
Ren FL, Guo X, Zhang RJ, Wang SJ, Zuo H, Zhang ZT, Geng D, Yu Y, Su M.
Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shannxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
Effects of selenium and iodine deficiency on bone, cartilage growth plate and chondrocyte differentiation in two generations of rats.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the roles of combined selenium and iodine deficiency in bone development as a possible
experimental model of Kashin-Beck osteoarthropathy. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats (n=48) were randomly divided into selenium deficiency (-Se+I), iodine
deficiency (+Se-I), combined selenium and iodine deficiency (-Se-I), and selenium and iodine sufficient (+Se+I) groups. Growth of bone and cartilage, and the
expression of type X collagen (ColX) and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) were measured in two generations of rats (F(0) and F(1)). RESULTS: The
tibial length in -Se-I rats was significantly shorter in F(1) generation. In +Se-I of F(1) rats, the thickness of the growth plate cartilage, and the
proliferative zone was smaller, while in -Se-I rats the growth plate, and the proliferative and hypertrophic zones were also thinner in F(1) generation. In
articular cartilage, ColX expression was increased in the deep zone in -Se-I rats of F(0) generation, and in -Se+I, +Se-I and -Se-I rats of F(1) generation.
PTHrP expression was increased in the middle zone of -Se+I, +Se-I and -Se-I rats of both F(0) and F(1) generations. In the growth plate cartilage, ColX and
PTHrP were expressed in the hypertrophic zone. ColX expression was significantly weaker in -Se+I and -Se-I rats in both F(0) and F(1) generations, while
PTHrP expression was stronger in -Se+I, +Se-I and -Se-I rats in both F(0) and F(1) animals. CONCLUSIONS: Combined selenium and iodine deficiency impaired the
growth of bone and cartilage. The changes in the expression of ColX and PTHrP induced by combined selenium and iodine deficiency were compatible to
measurements of ColX and PTHrP in Kashin-Beck osteoarthropathy.
Eur J Nutr. 2007 May 11;
Golkowski F, Szybinski Z, Rachtan J, Sokolowski A, Buziak-Bereza M, Trofimiuk M, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Przybylik-Mazurek E, Huszno B.
Dept. of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, Kopernika 17, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
Iodine prophylaxis-the protective factor against stomach cancer in iodine deficient areas.
BACKGROUND: Poland has one of the highest death rates for stomach cancer in Europe. Moderate iodine deficiency and in consequence high goitre prevalence led
to the implementation in 1996 of a very efficient mandatory model of iodine prophylaxis, based on household salt iodisation (30 +/- 10mg KI/1 kg of salt).
AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was evaluation of incidence rate of stomach cancer and its possible relation to increased iodine consumption in the
years 1992-2004. METHODS: Iodine supply and effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis were evaluated on the basis of comparative analysis of goitre prevalence and
ioduria in schoolchildren. To allow comparison between time periods with varying population age structures, the incidence rates of stomach cancer were
standardized for age, using the "world standard population". The direct standardization method has been applied. For each sex, the time-trend of incidence
rates was shown in graphs over the years 1991-2004. RESULTS: Evident increase in iodine consumption in this period of time was proved by rise in percentage
of schoolchildren (6-8 years old) with ioduria above 100 microg/l from 11.4% in 1992-1993 to 52.9.1% in 2003. It was correlated with the decrease in goitre
prevalence from 18.8% to 3.2% respectively. The 24-h thyroid uptake of (131)I in investigated population fell from 45.5% in 1986 to 26.8% in 1998. In Krakow
the standardized incidence ratio of stomach cancer for men decreased from 19.1 per 100,000 to 15.7 per 100,000, and for women from 8.3 per 100,000 to 5.9 per
100,000 in the years 1992-2004. A significant decline of average rate of decrease was observed in men and women (2.3% and 4.0% per year respectively).
CONCLUSION: Observed association between improved iodine supply and decrease of incidence of stomach cancer could indicate the protective role against
stomach cancer of iodine prophylaxis in iodine deficient areas-further studies are necessary.
Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol. 2006 Jul-Aug;42(4):418-27.
Baatout S, De Boever P, Mergeay M.
Laboratory of Microbiology and Radiobiology SCK*CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, B-2400
Physiological changes induced in four bacterial strains following oxidative stress.
In order to study the behaviour and resistance of bacteria under extreme conditions,
physiological changes associated with oxidative stress were monitored using flow cytometry.
The study was conducted to assess the maintenance of membrane integrity and potential as well
as the esterase activity, the intracellular pH and the production of superoxide anions in four
bacterial strains (Ralstonia metallidurans, Escherichia coli, Shewanella oneidensis and
Deinococcus radiodurans). The strains were chosen for their potential usefulness in
bioremediation. Suspensions of R. metallidurans, E. coli, S. oneidensis and D. radiodurans
were submitted to 1 h oxidative stress (H2O2 at various concentrations from 0 to 880 mM). Cell
membrane permeability (propidium iodide) and potential (rhodamine-123,
3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide), intracellular esterase activity (fluorescein diacetate),
intracellular reactive oxygen species concentration (hydroethidine) and intracellular pH
(carboxyflurorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (5(6)) were monitored to evaluate the
physiological state and the overall fitness of individual bacterial cells under oxidative
stress. The four bacterial strains exhibited varying sensitivities towards H2O2. However, for
all bacterial strains, some physiological damage could already be observed from 13.25 mM H2O2
onwards, in particular with regard to their membrane permeability. Depending on the bacterial
strains, moderate to high physiological damage could be observed between 13.25 mM and 220 mM
H2O2. Membrane potential, esterase activity, intracellular pH and production of superoxide
anion production were considerably modified at high H2O2 concentrations in all four strains.
In conclusion, we show that a range of significant physiological alterations occurs when
bacteria are challenged with H2O2 and fluorescent staining methods coupled with flow cytometry
are useful for monitoring the changes induced not only by oxidative stress but also by other
stresses like temperature, radiation, pressure, pH, etc....
Med Pediatr Oncol. 2002 Jan;38(1):41-6.
Brans B, Monsieurs M, Laureys G, Kaufman JM, Thierens H, Dierckx RA.
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.
Thyroidal uptake and radiation dose after repetitive I-131-MIBG treatments: influence of potassium iodide for thyroid blocking.
BACKGROUND: In I-131-MIBG therapy, I-131-iodide can be released from the I-131-MIBG molecule. Hypothyroidism might result from the undesirable irradiation of the thyroid gland. To prevent this, stable iodide such as potassium iodide (KI) is given to oversaturate the thyroid before I-131-MIBG is administered. PROCEDURE: In the present study, the incidence of hypothyroidism (elevated TSH) was correlated with the thyroidal uptake of I-131 and dose (MIRD dosimetry) after 35 individual treatments in ten patients. Iodine-131-MIBG therapy was performed using a modified dosage of 1.9-11.1 GBq (50-300 mCi) IV. Premedication with KI was done as recommended with a dose of 100 mg KI orally from 2 days before until 4 weeks after I-131-MIBG. RESULTS: The absorbed thyroidal dose amounted to a very variable range of 0.2 (patient # 1) up to 30.0 (patient 3) Gy with 7.1 +/- 7.9 Gy per treatment and 24.1+/- 19.2 Gy per patient (mean+/- SD), despite the same and compliantly taken KI premedication protocol. Up to now, 4/10 or 40% of patients have developed hypothyroidism after a mean follow-up period of 11 months and a mean total administered dose of 18.7 GBq (505 mCi). A trend towards higher thyroidal doses was seen in the hypothyroid patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study observes a general high inter- and intra-individual variability in radio-iodide uptake in the thyroid after I-131-MIBG therapy despite KI premedication, as well as possible occurrence of hypothyroidism. A dose-response relationship needs confirmation on a larger cohort of patients to reach statistical value. An alternative thyroid cytoprotection strategy for possible long-term survivors may be considered.
Acta Oncol. 1994;33(2):139-57.
Michalowski AS.
MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
On radiation damage to normal tissues and its treatment. II. Anti-inflammatory drugs.
In addition to transiently inhibiting cell cycle progression and sterilizing those cells capable of proliferation, irradiation disturbs the homeostasis effected by endogenous mediators of intercellular communication (humoral component of tissue response to radiation). Changes in the mediator levels may modulate radiation effects either by assisting a return to normality (e.g., through a rise in H-type cell lineage-specific growth factors) or by aggravating the damage. The latter mode is illustrated with reports on changes in eicosanoid levels after irradiation and on results of empirical treatment of radiation injuries with anti-inflammatory drugs. Prodromal, acute and chronic effects of radiation are accompanied by excessive production of eicosanoids (prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxanes and leukotrienes). These endogenous mediators of inflammatory reactions may be responsible for the vasodilatation, vasoconstriction, increased microvascular permeability, thrombosis and chemotaxis observed after radiation exposure. Glucocorticoids inhibit eicosanoid synthesis primarily by interfering with phospholipase A2 whilst non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prevent prostaglandin/thromboxane synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase. When administered after irradiation on empirical grounds, drugs belonging to both groups tend to attenuate a range of prodromal, acute and chronic effects of radiation in man and animals. Taken together, these two sets of observations are highly suggestive of a contribution of humoral factors to the adverse responses of normal tissues and organs to radiation. A full account of radiation damage should therefore consist of complementary descriptions of cellular and humoral events. Further studies on anti-inflammatory drug treatment of radiation damage to normal organs are justified and desirable.
Toxicology. 2003 Jul 15;189(1-2):1-20.
Weiss JF, Landauer MR.
Office of Health Studies, US Department of Energy, EH-6/270 Corporate Square, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20585-0270, USA.
Protection against ionizing radiation by antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals.
The potential of antioxidants to reduce the cellular damage induced by ionizing radiation has been studied in animal models for more than 50 years. The application of antioxidant radioprotectors to various human exposure situations has not been extensive although it is generally accepted that endogenous antioxidants, such as cellular non-protein thiols and antioxidant enzymes, provide some degree of protection. This review focuses on the radioprotective efficacy of naturally occurring antioxidants, specifically antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals, and how they might influence various endpoints of radiation damage. Results from animal experiments indicate that antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin E and selenium compounds, are protective against lethality and other radiation effects but to a lesser degree than most synthetic protectors. Some antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals have the advantage of low toxicity although they are generally protective when administered at pharmacological doses. Naturally occurring antioxidants also may provide an extended window of protection against low-dose, low-dose-rate irradiation, including therapeutic potential when administered after irradiation. A number of phytochemicals, including caffeine, genistein, and melatonin, have multiple physiological effects, as well as antioxidant activity, which result in radioprotection in vivo. Many antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals have antimutagenic properties, and their modulation of long-term radiation effects, such as cancer, needs further examination. In addition, further studies are required to determine the potential value of specific antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals during radiotherapy for cancer.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Mar;81(3):656-63.
Andersen S, Hvingel B, Kleinschmidt K, Jorgensen T, Laurberg P.
Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark and Surgery, Queen Ingrids Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland.
Changes in iodine excretion in 50-69-y-old denizens of an Arctic society in transition and iodine excretion as a biomarker of the frequency of consumption of traditional Inuit foods.
BACKGROUND: Iodine intake in Greenland has been hypothesized to exceed 10 times the recommended amount. The transition from a traditional Arctic society may change the iodine intake, but no field studies have been performed. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to ascertain iodine intakes, factors affecting iodine intake in circumpolar populations, and the usefulness of urinary iodine excretion as a biomarker for validation of Inuit food-frequency questionnaires. DESIGN: Data were collected in a cohort study of 4 Greenland population groups: Inuit living in the capital city, the major town, and settlements in East Greenland and non-Inuit. Supplement use and lifestyle factors were evaluated with questionnaires, and dietary habits were ascertained with a food-frequency questionnaire. Iodine was measured in spot urine samples. RESULTS: One percent of the population of Greenland was invited, and the participation rate was 95%. Less than 5% of Inuit but 55% of non-Inuit had urinary iodine excretion < 50 mug/24 h. Median urinary iodine excretion declined with the degree of decrease in the traditional lifestyle: it was 198, 195, 147, and 58 mug/24 h among Inuit in settlements, town, and city and in non-Inuit, respectively (P < 0.001). Participants were divided into diet groups calculated from Inuit food frequency. Iodine excretion decreased with increasing intake of imported foods (P < 0.001). In regression models, type of diet and the subject's lifestyle, sex, weight, ethnicity, and intake of iodine-containing supplements affected urinary iodine excretion. CONCLUSIONS: Circumpolar non-Inuit are at risk of iodine deficiency. Departure from the traditional Inuit diet lowers iodine intake, which should be monitored in Arctic societies. Urinary iodine excretion may be a useful biomarker of traditional Inuit food frequency.
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 Iodide (KJ) scientific update
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